****self-starting siphon

A self-starting siphon can be made using a piece of rigid tubing bent into a specific shape. When the siphon is partially immersed in water, it begins siphoning water without the need for initial suction. Investigate how the relevant parameters, such as the geometry, affect the siphoning process.

Background reading from IYPT reference kit

*How To Make a Self-Starting Siphon (youtube, D!NG, 10.04.2020), https://youtu.be/1vq_h4myH1E

*K. Wang, P. Sanaei, J. Zhang, and L. Ristroph. Open capillary siphons. J. Fluid Mech. 932, R1 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2021.1056 *S. Viridi, Suprijadi, S. N. Khotimah, Novitrian, and F. Masterika. Self-siphon simulation using molecular dynamics method. Recent Development in Comp. Sci. 2, 1, 9-16 (2011), arXiv:1104.1847 [physics.flu-dyn], https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1104.1847 *S. W. Hughes. The secret siphon. Phys. Educ. 46, 3, 298-302 (2011), https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/46/3/007

*S. W. Hughes. A practical example of a siphon at work. Phys. Educ. 45, 2, 162-166 (2010), https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/45/2/006 *Self-Starting Siphon Tube (Flinn Scientific, 2016), https://www.flinnsci.com/api/library/Download/dc38aa1b3aa94e17b6140e62573d3fa8

TYPT Supplementary References

M. Cihan Aydin, Mualla Öztürk, Ahmet Yücel,Experimental and numerical investigation of self-priming siphon side weir on a straight open channel,Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, Volume 45,2015,Pages 140-150,ISSN 0955-5986, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2015.06.014.

建議本題的探索進程(參考用)

• 觀念的梳理：仔細閱覽上列的影片數次之後，請嘗試自行列表比較傳統虹吸管和『自啓動』虹吸管之間的異同：
• 設計並搭建一套可輕易微調而切換於傳統和『自啓動』模式之間的虹吸管架構，以便進行實驗來檢證A部分的觀念理解是否正確。
• 既然『自啓動』虹吸管的操作比較簡捷，又是指定的主題，接著就可以實驗探討其虹吸的效果(亦即：單位時間的輸送水量)如何受到各項重要變因(舉例如下表)的影響：

(註：已知水的『表面張力』和液體的『黏製係數』皆會隨著溫度的升高而減小。)

• 終極的挑戰，當然就是根據實驗結果的推論，打造虹吸效果最佳化的『自啓動』虹吸管。